This is less common, but features for example in the architecture of Bengal on Hindu temples and mosques. Ī final method is to carve fired bricks or other terracotta shapes.
The iron content, reacting with oxygen during firing, gives the fired body a reddish color, though the overall color varies widely across shades of yellow, orange, buff, red, "terracotta", pink, grey or brown. The typical firing temperature is around 1,000 ☌ (1,830 ☏), though it may be as low as 600 ☌ (1,112 ☏) in historic and archaeological examples. Īfter drying, it is placed in a kiln or atop combustible material in a pit, and then fired. Other shaping techniques, such as throwing and slip casting are also used. A combination of these may also be used: building up the broad shape and then removing pieces, or adding more, to produce details. Articles can be formed by both an "additive" technique, adding portions of clay to the growing pieces, or a "subtractive" one, carving into a solid lump with a knife or similar tool. Prior to firing terracotta clays can be easily shaped. Architectural terracotta can also refer to decorated ceramic elements such as antefixes and revetments, which made a large contribution to the appearance of temples and other buildings in the classical architecture of Europe, as well as in the Ancient Near East.
Glazed architectural terracotta and its unglazed version as exterior surfaces for buildings were used in East Asia for some centuries before becoming popular in the West in the 19th century.
In such applications the material is also called terracotta.
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